精萘的化學(xué)性質(zhì)主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面：

　　The chemical properties of refined naphthalene mainly include the following aspects:

　　一、基本物理性質(zhì)

　　1、 Basic physical properties

　　外觀：白色易揮發(fā)晶體，有溫和芳香氣味（粗萘則有煤焦油臭味）。

　　Appearance: White volatile crystals with a mild aromatic odor (crude naphthalene has a coal tar odor).

　　熔點(diǎn)：80.1℃

　　Melting point: 80.1 ℃

　　沸點(diǎn)：217.9℃

　　Boiling point: 217.9 ℃

　　蒸汽壓：0.13kPa/52.6℃

　　Steam pressure: 0.13kPa/52.6 ℃

　　閃點(diǎn)：80℃

　　Flash point: 80 ℃

　　溶解性：不溶于水，但溶于無水乙醇、醚、苯等有機(jī)溶劑。

　　Solubility: Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents such as anhydrous ethanol, ether, benzene, etc.

　　密度：相對(duì)密度（水=1）為1.16，相對(duì)密度（空氣=1）為4.42。

　　Density: The relative density (water=1) is 1.16, and the relative density (air=1) is 4.42.

　　二、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性

　　2、 Chemical stability

　　精萘在常溫常壓下性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定，不易發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)。

　　Naphthalene is stable at room temperature and pressure, and is not prone to chemical reactions.

　　三、純度與雜質(zhì)

　　3、 Purity and impurities

　　精萘的純度極高，通常含萘量超過98.45%，且結(jié)晶點(diǎn)不低于79.3℃。

　　The purity of refined naphthalene is extremely high, usually containing over 98.45% naphthalene, and the crystallization point is not lower than 79.3 ℃.

　　工業(yè)萘進(jìn)一步提純脫除雜質(zhì)及脫硫后，可得到高純度的精萘。工業(yè)萘中含雜質(zhì)硫茚（1-3%）、甲基萘（1-2%）及少量茚、焦油堿和焦油酸，經(jīng)過進(jìn)一步酸洗和蒸餾，可得到硫含量小于0.1%、凝固點(diǎn)為79℃的精萘。

　　After further purification and desulfurization of industrial naphthalene, high-purity refined naphthalene can be obtained. Industrial naphthalene contains impurities such as sulfur indene (1-3%), methyl naphthalene (1-2%), and small amounts of indene, tar base, and coke oil acid. After further acid washing and distillation, refined naphthalene with a sulfur content of less than 0.1% and a freezing point of 79 ℃ can be obtained.

　　四、反應(yīng)活性

　　4、 Reactive activity

　　精萘作為工業(yè)上最重要的稠環(huán)芳烴之一，是多種化學(xué)反應(yīng)的理想原料。例如，在染料制造業(yè)中，精萘是生產(chǎn)染料中間體的關(guān)鍵原料。

　　Naphthalene, as one of the most important polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in industry, is an ideal raw material for various chemical reactions. For example, in the dye manufacturing industry, refined naphthalene is a key raw material for producing dye intermediates.

　　精萘遇明火、高熱可燃，燃燒時(shí)放出有毒的刺激性煙霧。與強(qiáng)氧化劑如鉻酸酐、氯酸鹽和高錳酸鉀等接觸，能發(fā)生強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng)，引起燃燒或爆炸。

　　Naphthalene is flammable when exposed to open flames and high heat, and releases toxic and irritating smoke when burned. Contact with strong oxidants such as chromic anhydride, chlorate, and potassium permanganate can cause strong reactions, leading to combustion or explosion.

　　五、毒性

　　5、 Toxicity

　　精萘屬低毒類，但具有刺激作用，高濃度時(shí)可致溶血性貧血及肝、腎損害。

　　Naphthalene belongs to the low toxicity category, but it has a stimulating effect. At high concentrations, it can cause hemolytic anemia and liver and kidney damage.

　　急性中毒：吸入高濃度萘蒸氣或粉塵時(shí)，可出現(xiàn)眼及呼吸道刺激、角膜混濁、頭痛、惡心、嘔吐、食欲減退、腰痛、尿頻、尿中出現(xiàn)蛋白及紅白細(xì)胞等癥狀。亦可發(fā)生視神經(jīng)炎和視網(wǎng)膜炎，重者可發(fā)生中毒性腦病和肝損害。

　　Acute poisoning: When inhaling high concentrations of naphthalene vapor or dust, symptoms such as eye and respiratory irritation, corneal opacity, headache, nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, lower back pain, frequent urination, protein and red and white cells in urine may occur. Optic neuritis and retinitis can also occur, and in severe cases, toxic encephalopathy and liver damage can occur.

　　口服中毒主要引起溶血和肝、腎損害，甚至發(fā)生急性腎功能衰竭和肝壞死。

　　Oral poisoning mainly causes hemolysis and liver and kidney damage, and even acute renal failure and liver necrosis.

　　慢性中毒：反復(fù)接觸萘蒸氣，可引起頭痛、乏力、惡心、嘔吐和血液系統(tǒng)損害，可引起白內(nèi)障、視神經(jīng)炎和視網(wǎng)膜病變，皮膚接觸可引起皮炎。

　　Chronic poisoning: Repeated exposure to naphthalene vapor can cause headaches, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and damage to the blood system. It can also cause cataracts, optic neuritis, and retinopathy. Skin contact can cause dermatitis.

　　綜上所述，精萘具有獨(dú)特的物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)，是多種化學(xué)反應(yīng)的理想原料，在染料制造、醫(yī)藥等領(lǐng)域有廣泛應(yīng)用。然而，其也具有一定的毒性和危險(xiǎn)性，因此在使用和儲(chǔ)存時(shí)需要嚴(yán)格遵守相關(guān)安全規(guī)定和操作規(guī)程。

　　In summary, refined naphthalene has unique physical and chemical properties and is an ideal raw material for various chemical reactions. It has a wide range of applications in dye manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and other fields. However, it also has certain toxicity and danger, so it is necessary to strictly comply with relevant safety regulations and operating procedures when using and storing it.

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